Linux两种方式实现新加硬盘的挂载
我的使用的环境的是：CentOS8.2
临时挂载
第一步：新加一块硬盘
虚拟机中为系统新加一块类型
SCSI且大小为1G的硬盘。
新硬盘后需要重启系统才生效
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">reboot</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 重启后查看硬盘挂载</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">lsblk </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">sdb <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">8</span>:16 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> 1G <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> disk </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">sr0 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">11</span>:0 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span>.6G <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> rom</span>
此时可以看到多了一个
sdb的硬盘，这个就是我们新增的硬盘了
第二步：新硬盘分区
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 1） 对新硬盘分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">fdisk /dev/sdb</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 2）输入 m 查看帮助信息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Welcome to fdisk (util-linux <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">2</span>.32.1).</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Changes will remain <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">in</span> memory only, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">until</span> you decide to <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">write</span> them.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Be careful before using the <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">write</span> command.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Device does not contain a recognized partition table.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x53a826cf.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Command (m <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">for</span> help): m</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># m 之后的帮助信息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Help:</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> DOS (MBR)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> a toggle a bootable flag</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> b edit nested BSD disklabel</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> c toggle the dos compatibility flag</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> Generic</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> d delete a partition</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> F list free unpartitioned space</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> l list known partition types</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> n add a new partition</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> p print the partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> t change a partition type</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> v verify the partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> i print information about a partition</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> Misc</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> m print this menu</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> u change display/entry units</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> x extra functionality (experts only)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> Script</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> I load disk layout from sfdisk script file</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> Save & Exit</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> w <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">write</span> table to disk and <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">exit</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> q quit without saving changes</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> Create a new label</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> g create a new empty GPT partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> o create a new empty DOS partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> s create a new empty Sun partition table</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 3）输入 n 选择分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Command (m <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">for</span> help): n</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Partition type</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 主分区，默认主分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> p primary (0 primary, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> extended, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">4</span> free)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 扩展分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> e extended (container <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">for</span> logical partitions)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 4）输入 p 选择主分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Select (default p): p</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Partition number (1-4, default <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span>): </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 5）输入 1，选择一个分区。如选择3，就会创建3个分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Partition number (1-4, default <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span>): <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 6）按 回车 键，选择默认即可</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">First sector (2048-2097151, default <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">2048</span>): </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 7）按 回车 键，选择默认即可</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Last sector, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">+</span>sectors or <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">+</span>size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151, default <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">2097151</span>): </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Created a new partition <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1</span> of type <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'Linux'</span> and of size <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">1023</span> MiB.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 8）输入 w 保存分区并退出</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Command (m <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">for</span> help): w </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">The partition table has been altered.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">Syncing disks.</span>
分区完之后查看分区
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">[root@192 src]<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># lsblk </span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">sdb <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">8</span>:16 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> 1G <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> disk </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">└─sdb1 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">8</span>:17 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> 1023M <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> part </span>
可以看到，
sdb硬盘中多了一个分区，这就是刚刚分的区
第三步：格式化分区
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 格式化分区</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">mkfs <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 204)">-t</span> ext4 /dev/sdb1 </span>
查看格式化后的分区
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">[root@192 src]<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># lsblk -f</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">sdb </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">└─sdb1 ext4 6b9d6e93-ebba-467f-adad-1f8bced3f778 </span>
可以看到分好的硬盘
sdb1多了UUID。说明分区已经格式化完成
第四步：挂分分区
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 1）创建挂载分区目录（目录随意）</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">mkdir</span> /myNewDisk</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 2）将分区挂载到目录</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">mount /dev/sdb1 /myNewDisk/</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 3）测试，写入文件</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">cd</span> /myNewDisk</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">touch</span> index.txt</span>
扩展命令：卸载挂载的分区：
unmount 分区名。案例，如：
umount /dev/sdb1或umount /myNewDisk
注意：此种方式挂载，系统重启之后挂载会失效。
永久挂载
上面实现了对硬盘分区的挂载，但存在一个问题，系统重启之后，挂载的分区将会失效。现在来对其进行永久挂载（也就是系统重启之后，立马将其挂载）
第四步：卸载挂载好的分区（此步骤可不执行）
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">cd</span> ..</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">umount myNewDisk/</span>
第五步：永久挂载（重点）
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 编辑配置文件</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 0, 170)">vim</span> /etc/fstab </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)"># 输入如下配置并保存退出</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">/dev/sdb1 /myNewDisk ext4 defaults <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0</span></span>
UUID为硬盘分区ID（可写文件名）
第六步：重启系统
重启之前来看看myNewDisk是否有index.txt文件
ll /myNewDisk
可以看到该文件夹是没有内容的。
重启系统
reboot
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