作者：温新

时间：2021-06-27

hi，我是温新，一名PHPer

开发过程中需要数据用于测试，手动添加数据得累死。Laravel提供了填充器用于快速生成测试数据。

已知有一个users表，那么现在就基于users表填充数据，用于后续的CURD操作。

方式一：Seeder填充数据

第一步：创建填充器

命令：make:seeder

php artisan make:seeder UserSeeder

该命令会在database/seeders目录下生成对应的填充器文件。

来看看刚刚生成的文件结构：

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">// database/seeders/UserSeeder.php</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><?php</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">namespace Database\Seeders;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">class UserSeeder extends Seeder</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    public function run()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

run方法是默认的，当执行生成数据时，run方法会被调用。

第二步：编写数据填充代码

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// database/seeders/UserSeeder.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">run</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">DB</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">table</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'users'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">insert</span>([</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'name'</span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'你真帅'</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'email'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'nizhenshua@sina.com'</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'nickname'</span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'帅气'</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'password'</span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">bcrypt</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'123456'</span>),</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    ]);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第三步：重新生成composer自动加载

composer dump-autoload

第四步：执行数据填充

命令:db:seed

php artisan db:seed --class=UserSeeder

打开数据库表看，会发现神奇的多了一条数据。

此处一定要指定填充器类文件名。

db:seed命令运行的DatabaseSeeder类文件。

方式二：模型工厂填充数据

方法一：db类

项目初始化后，factories目录下会有一个默认的UserFactory模型工厂填充类。现在，把这个类文件删除掉，一步一步走一个完整的流程。

第一步：生成模型类

php artisan make:model User

第二步：创建模型工厂

命令：make:factory

php artisan make:factory UserFactory

该命令会在database/factories目录下生成对应的类文件

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// database/factories/UserFactory.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Database\Factories</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Models\User</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">UserFactory</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Factory</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">protected</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$model</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">User</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">definition</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> [];</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第三步：编写模型工厂文件

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// database/factories/UserFactory.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Database\Factories</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Models\User</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">definition</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> [</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'name'</span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">faker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">name</span>(),</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'email'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span>  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">faker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">email</span>(),</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'password'</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">faker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">password</span>(),</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    ];</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第四步：创建seeder填充器类

php artisan make:seeder UserSeeder

第五步：编写填充器类

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// UserSeeder.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Database\Seeders</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Models\User</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Database\Seeder</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">UserSeeder</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Seeder</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">run</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// users表中添加10条数据</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">User</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">factory</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">10</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">create</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第六步：composer自动加载

composer dump-autoload

第七步：执行填充

php artisan db:seed --class=UserSeeder

方法二：DatabaseSeeder填充

与方法一相比，前面几个步骤都是一样的，这里我们从 方法一的第五步开始：

第五步（方式一）：call()填充

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Database\Seeders</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Database\Seeder</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">DatabaseSeeder</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Seeder</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">run</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 调用seeder填充类</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">call</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">UserSeeder</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第五步（方式二）：factory填充

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Database\Seeders</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Database\Seeder</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">DatabaseSeeder</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Seeder</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">run</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">      <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 使用factory填充100条数据</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">  <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">\App\Models\User</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">factory</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">100</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">create</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>

第五步的这两种方法，任选其中一个即可。

第六步：执行填充

php artisan db:seed

在使用DatabaseSeeder进行填充时，执行的命令必须是db:seed

我是温新

每天进步一点点，就一点点